LED guide
Pixel pitch, environment, technology and control: the decisions that shape an LED screen, explained plainly. Everything here is general guidance; the final specification follows the site survey.
The lower the pixel-pitch number, the higher the pixel density and perceived detail at closer viewing distances.
Guideline: the closest comfortable viewing distance in metres is roughly the pitch in millimetres.
| Pitch | Typical use | Minimum viewing distance | Pixel density |
|---|---|---|---|
| P1.2 | Ultra fine pitchIndoor | ≈ 1.2 m | |
| P1.5 | Premium indoorIndoor | ≈ 1.5 m | |
| P1.8 | Meeting roomsIndoor | ≈ 1.8 m | |
| P2 | Corporate & hotelsIndoor | ≈ 2 m | |
| P2.5 | Popular indoorIndoor | ≈ 2.5 m | |
| P2.9 | Large halls & eventsIndoor | ≈ 2.9 m | |
| P3 | Large halls & eventsIndoor | ≈ 3 m | |
| P3.9 | Large halls & eventsIndoor | ≈ 3.9 m | |
| P4 | OutdoorOutdoor | ≈ 4 m | |
| P5 | OutdoorOutdoor | ≈ 5 m | |
| P6 | Large outdoorOutdoor | ≈ 6 m | |
| P8 | Large outdoorOutdoor | ≈ 8 m | |
| P10 | Large outdoorOutdoor | ≈ 10 m |
The same LED technology, built for very different conditions.
| Factor | Indoor | Outdoor |
|---|---|---|
| Typical pixel pitch | IndoorP1.2 to P3.9 | OutdoorP4 to P10 |
| Brightness | IndoorModerate: comfortable for close viewing under interior light | OutdoorVery high, so content stays readable in direct sun; usually dimmed at night |
| Protection | IndoorLight dust protection; no water sealing needed | OutdoorSealed against dust, heat and rain, typically IP65 or higher at the front |
| Maintenance | IndoorFront service is common, so the screen can sit flush to the wall | OutdoorFront or rear, depending on the structure; plan service access with the steelwork |
| Viewing distance | IndoorA few metres: lobbies, halls, stores | OutdoorTens of metres: streets, plazas, stadiums |
General guidance only. Brightness, protection and maintenance are specified for each project.
Two common LED display technologies. The right choice depends on the environment, protection level, pixel pitch, maintenance approach and budget.
LED packages are mounted on the surface of the PCB. SMD is one of the most widely used LED display technologies, with a broad range of sizes and pixel pitches.
LED chips are mounted directly on the board and then protected by an encapsulation layer. This design emphasizes surface protection and high pixel density in products built for it.
| Factor | SMD | COB |
|---|---|---|
| Construction | SMDLED package on PCB surface | COBDirect LED chips + protective encapsulation |
| Surface protection | SMDDepends on product design and protection rating | COBEncapsulation adds protection to the LED surface |
| Pixel Pitch | SMDAvailable across a wide range | COBCommon in fine-pitch products |
| Maintenance | SMDVaries by cabinet and module | COBVaries by product design and encapsulation |
| Typical use | SMDBroad indoor and outdoor LED solutions | COBFine-pitch projects and applications needing added surface protection |
There is no single technology that fits every project. CSH LED can specify the suitable technology based on viewing distance, size, use, pixel pitch, location and project requirements.
Talk to CSH LEDWhat drives the picture: the control system, the video processor, the refresh rate and how the screen is serviced.
Sending units, receiving cards, configuration software and calibration: the control chain that maps content onto every module of the screen.
4K inputs, scaling and switching between sources, so laptops, media players and cameras all fit the screen's own resolution.
A high refresh rate removes flicker and scan lines on camera: important for broadcast, events and corporate filming.
Front-service modules come off from the screen face, so the wall can sit flush; rear service needs a walkway behind it. Spare modules are kept under contract.
Answers to the questions we hear most.
Pricing depends on screen area, pixel pitch, indoor/outdoor rating, brightness, brand, refresh rate and installation requirements.
Yes. LED displays are modular and can be engineered to many dimensions based on the site and cabinet/module format.
Yes. We provide supply, installation, configuration, commissioning, testing and handover.
P2 has higher pixel density and typically provides finer detail at closer viewing distances than P3.
Yes. We provide outdoor LED solutions with suitable brightness and configurations for facades and advertising applications.
Warranty and support periods are defined according to project type, specification and the submitted quotation.
The lower the pixel-pitch number, the higher the pixel density and perceived detail at closer viewing distances. As a rule of thumb, the closest comfortable viewing distance in metres is roughly the pitch in millimetres.
There is no single technology that fits every project. CSH LED can specify the suitable technology based on viewing distance, size, use, pixel pitch, location and project requirements.
Yes. We review the site, dimensions and viewing distance, check the screen position, power and installation requirements, and recommend the specification before execution.
Yes. Maintenance and support cover modules, power supplies, receiving cards, calibration, troubleshooting and spare parts, under contract.
Yes. Our offices are in Jeddah and Riyadh, and we deliver projects across the Kingdom, including Makkah and Madinah.
Next step
Send the size and location and our team will recommend the pixel pitch, technology and setup that suit your project.
